Judicial authorization to replacement execution in the lease agreement
Gloss to the Supreme Court judgment of 14.12.2011. (I CSK 122/11). A sentence commented in this gloss is an important statement of the Supreme Court concerning relation between replacement execution granted by the general regulations of the Civil Code and particular regulations in relation to the lease agreement.
Infringement of a trader's reputation through unauthorized usage of its individualizing marks
The article presents the ways that infringe trader's reputation in business transactions, which involve unauthorized usage of its individualizing marks. The first part presents the ways of infringement protection methods in relation to individualizing marks, which are protected by the laws of the register – ie. the company and trademark.
Economic effectiveness of supervision independence in joint-stock company
The subject of this article was the question of economic effectiveness of dualistic model of public joint-stock company organs, in the existence of an absolute obligation to appoint and lead of the independent members in a Supervisory Board. A issue how to understand this independence, as well as the ways to obtain it – both in Europe and USA, must be clarified. For this purpose, an empirical method and legal-comparative methods were used.
The preliminary question in invalidation proceedings in respect of a patent, protection right or right in registration, selected issues
Under Article 97 § 1 paragraph 4 of the Code of Administrative Procedure (CAP), a public administration authority suspends proceedings where the examination of the case and issue of a decision depend on a prior decision of another authority or court on preliminary questions.
Charging by the chain charges other than the margin in the judicial practice of courts
Relationships market – supplier can not be reduced to the conclusion that the market always has an advantage and therefore imposes unfavorable conditions without any negotiations with the supplier. On the mutual position between contracting businesses affected after a number of complex factors, both external (i.e. the existence and strength of competition, the availability of supplying sources supply, consumer purchasing power, legal reglementation) and internal (i.e. human resources and business financial scope).
